Sydney - Kingsgrove, NSW
Melbourne - Clayton, VICThe Polyamide family encompasses a range of nylon-based engineering filaments, each composed of various types of nylon and reinforced blends. This article aims to define the distinctions between PA-6, CoPA, PA12, reinforced blends, as well as to provide insights into their optimal applications.
Let us commence with CoPA, a copolymer nylon amalgamating two extensively utilized nylons, namely nylon 6 and nylon 6.6. Nylon 6.6 boasts heightened heat resistance, superior dimensional stability, and increased abrasion resistance, while nylon 6, conversely, reduces the melting point, diminishes crystallinity, and mitigates shrinkage. As a copolymer, these constituents synergize to yield a nylon variant that is easily printable, resistant to warping, and adeptly suited for engineering applications, withstanding temperatures of up to 180 degrees Celsius while offering formidable strength.
Moving forward, we encounter PA6-GF, distinguished by its glass fiber reinforcement within nylon 6. The inclusion of glass fibers elevates stiffness and tensile strength, transforming the typically pliable attributes of nylon 6 into a rigid material with heightened heat resistance. The economic advantage of utilizing glass fibers over carbon fibers renders PA6-GF a cost-effective alternative, while still enriching it with superior mechanical properties compared to pure nylon.
In contrast, PA6-CF incorporates carbon fibers as its reinforcing agent, comprising 5 to 20% of its weight. Carbon fibers significantly enhance tensile strength, heat deflection capabilities, and impact resistance. These fibers reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion, resulting in a distortion-free 3D printing material with exceptional properties. Additionally, PA6-CF exhibits electrostatic discharge (ESD) resistance due to the carbon fibers, making it a preferred choice for applications necessitating ESD safety measures. In terms of wet state properties, PA6-CF unequivocally excels.
It is crucial to acknowledge a common limitation shared by nylon materials, namely their susceptibility to moisture. Atmospheric water particles, present as humidity, have an affinity for nylon polymer chains, forming polar bonds with the material. This alters the mechanical characteristics of the filament from its dry to wet state. In certain scenarios, this moisture-induced transformation can be advantageous, rendering the material more robust. It is reasonable to assume that, post-printing, all these materials will ultimately transition to their wet state properties.
Enter PA12-CF, a filament substantially less prone to moisture absorption. Consequently, it exhibits superior stability, ease of use, storage, and printability.
PA-12 further distinguishes itself by its superior surface finish compared to PA6-CF, with only minimal shifts in mechanical properties from dry to wet states. This attribute facilitates engineers in making more accurate predictions regarding part strength and enables them to make necessary design adjustments accordingly.
The choice among these materials hinges on specific requirements. For those prioritizing strength, resilience, and peak performance, PA6-CF is an unmatched selection. Alternatively, for applications necessitating slightly less strength but demanding stiffness and dimensional stability, PA6-GF proves advantageous. CoPA emerges as a straightforward option for scenarios where robustness, resilience, and wear resistance are paramount. Finally, for those seeking predictability, superior surface quality, and enhanced moisture resistance, PA12-CF stands as the optimal choice.
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